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<title>Packaging engineering</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Packaging engineering</span></span>

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<p><b><a href="Packaging" title="Packaging">Packaging</a> engineering</b>, also <b>package engineering</b>, <b>packaging technology</b> and <b>packaging science</b>, is a broad topic ranging from design conceptualization to product placement. All steps along the manufacturing process, and more, must be taken into account in the design of the package for any given product. Package engineering is an interdisciplinary field integrating science, engineering, technology and management to protect and identify products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. It encompasses the process of design, evaluation, and production of packages. It is a system integral to the value chain that impacts product quality, user satisfaction, distribution efficiencies, and safety. Package engineering includes industry-specific aspects of <a href="Industrial_engineering" title="Industrial engineering">industrial engineering</a>, <a href="Marketing" title="Marketing">marketing</a>, <a href="Materials_science" title="Materials science">materials science</a>, <a href="Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">industrial design</a> and <a href="Logistics" title="Logistics">logistics</a>. Packaging engineers must interact with research and development, manufacturing, marketing, graphic design, regulatory, purchasing, planning and so on. The package must sell and protect the product, while maintaining an efficient, cost-effective process cycle.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Engineers develop packages from a wide variety of rigid and flexible materials. Some materials have scores or creases to allow controlled folding into package shapes (sometimes resembling <a href="Origami" title="Origami">origami</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Packaging involves <a href="Extrusion" title="Extrusion">extrusion</a>, <a href="Thermoforming" title="Thermoforming">thermoforming</a>, <a href="Molding_(process)" title="Molding (process)">molding</a> and other processing technologies. Packages are often developed for high speed fabrication, filling, processing, and shipment. Packaging engineers use principles of <a href="Structural_analysis" title="Structural analysis">structural analysis</a> and <a href="Thermal_analysis" title="Thermal analysis">thermal analysis</a> in their evaluations.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div>

<p>Some <a href="Packaging" title="Packaging">packaging</a> engineers have backgrounds in other <a href="Science" title="Science">science</a>, <a href="Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a>, or <a href="Design" title="Design">design</a> disciplines while some have college degrees specializing in this field.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Formal packaging programs might be listed as package engineering, packaging science, packaging technology, etc. BE, BS, MS, M.Tech and PhD programs are available. Students in a packaging program typically begin with generalized science, business, and engineering classes before progressing into industry-specific topics such as <a href="Shelf_life" title="Shelf life">shelf life</a> stability, <a href="Corrugated_box_design" title="Corrugated box design">corrugated box design</a>, <a href="Cushioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Cushioning">cushioning</a>, <a href="Engineering_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineering design">engineering design</a>, labeling regulations, <a href="Project_management" title="Project management">project management</a>, <a href="Food_safety" title="Food safety">food safety</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Robotics" title="Robotics">robotics</a>, <a href="RFID" class="mw-redirect" title="RFID">RFID</a> tags, <a href="Quality_management" title="Quality management">quality management</a>, <a href="Package_testing" title="Package testing">package testing</a>, packaging machinery,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Tamper-evident" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamper-evident">tamper-evident</a> methods,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Recycling" title="Recycling">recycling</a>, <a href="Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design">computer-aided design</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> etc.

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<p><a href="Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a> is becoming useful in several aspects of packaging development. <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Packaging engineers are using AI systems in their operations; AI can also design novel packages. For example, the <a href="DABUS" title="DABUS">DABUS</a> system designed containers for food and beverages with fractal patterns for gripping and for optical impact. Patent law is developing in this area. A World Patent has been issued with the inventor listed as DABUS <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but several jurisdictions indicate that a living person must be the inventor. <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-verge_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verge-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Packaging" title="Packaging">Packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Packing_problems" title="Packing problems">Packing problems</a></li>

<li><a href="Queueing_theory" title="Queueing theory">Queueing theory</a></li>

<li><a href="Engineering_economics" title="Engineering economics">Engineering economics</a></li>

<li><a href="Manufacturing_engineering" title="Manufacturing engineering">Manufacturing engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Cutting_stock_problem" title="Cutting stock problem">Cutting stock problem</a></li>

<li><a href="Bin_packing_problem" title="Bin packing problem">Bin packing problem</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFWood2002" class="citation journal cs1">Wood, Marcia (April 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://agresearchmag.ars.usda.gov/2002/apr/straw">"Leftover Straw Gets New Life"</a>. <i>Agricultural Research</i>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1995" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, C (1995). "In-House Testing of Computer Packaging". In Fiedler, R M (ed.). <i>Distribution Packaging Technology</i>. IoPP.</cite></span>

</li>

<cite id="CITEREFMerali2011" class="citation cs2">Merali, Zeeya (17 June 2011), "Origami Engineer Flexes to Create Stronger, More Agile Materials", <i>Science</i>, <b>332</b> (6036): <span class="nowrap">1376–</span>1377, <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Sci...332.1376M">2011Sci...332.1376M</a>, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.332.6036.1376">10.1126/science.332.6036.1376</a>, <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21680824">21680824</a></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.packworld.com/schools">"Packaging Directory-Packaging Schools"</a>. Packaging world. 20 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 Feb</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLeeKim,_AnLyu,_Lee1998" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, Ki-Eun; Kim, An; Lyu, Lee (November 1998). "Effectiveness of modified atmosphere packaging in preserving a prepared ready-to-eat food". <i>Packaging Technology and Science</i>. <b>21</b> (7): <span class="nowrap">417–</span>423. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fpts.821">10.1002/pts.821</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBragliaFrosolini,_Montanari2003" class="citation journal cs1">Braglia, Maracello; Frosolini, Montanari (January 2003). "Fuzzy logic controller in a packaging plant". <i>Packaging Technology and Science</i>. <b>16</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">21–</span>35. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fpts.608">10.1002/pts.608</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHicksMedland,_Mullineux2001" class="citation journal cs1">Hicks, A. J.; Medland, Mullineux (September 2001). "A constraint-based approach to the modelling and analysis of packaging machinery". <i>Packaging Technology and Science</i>. <b>14</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">183–</span>225. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fpts.553">10.1002/pts.553</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston1997" class="citation journal cs1">Johnston, R.G. (July 1997). "Effective Vulnerability Assessment of Tamper-Indicating Seals". <i>Journal of Testing and Evaluation</i>. <b>25</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">451–</span>455. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1520%2Fjte11883j">10.1520/jte11883j</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:111289045">111289045</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHanPark2007" class="citation journal cs1">Han, Jongkoo; Park (January 2007). "Finite element analysis of vent/hand hole designs for corrugated fibreboard boxes". <i>Packaging Technology and Science</i>. <b>20</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">39–</span>47. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fpts.741">10.1002/pts.741</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFZhang2022" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang, Sheng (2022). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352484722009155">"Research on energy-saving packaging design based on artificial intelligence"</a></span>. <i>Energy Reports</i>. <b>8</b> (7): <span class="nowrap">480–</span>489. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022EnRep...8..480Z">2022EnRep...8..480Z</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.egyr.2022.05.069">10.1016/j.egyr.2022.05.069</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEsfahanian2024" class="citation thesis cs1">Esfahanian, Shiva (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/openview/54fe8c37622b006817131887d5c7fb1e/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y"><i>Implementing Artificial Intelligence in the Evaluation of Packaging Distribution and Label Design Modeling</i></a> (PhD). Michigan State University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>

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</style><span class="citation patent" id="CITEREFInventor_The_invention_was_autonomously_generated_by_an_artificial_intelligence_DABUS2020"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2020079499A1/en">World WO2020079499</a>, Inventor The invention was autonomously generated by an artificial intelligence DABUS, "Food container and devices and methods for attracting enhanced attention", published 2020</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=WO2020079499&rft.cc=World&rft.title=Food+container+and+devices+and+methods+for+attracting+enhanced+attention&rft.inventor=Inventor+The+invention+was+autonomously+generated+by+an+artificial+intelligence+DABUS&rft.pubdate=2020"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </span>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSandys2023" class="citation cs2">Sandys, A (21 December 2023), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.juve-patent.com/cases/uk-supreme-court-dabus-named-inventor-patent-stephen-thaler/">"UK Supreme Court has final say on Dabus as named inventor"</a>, <i>Juve Patent</i></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-verge-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-verge_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2020/4/29/21241251/artificial-intelligence-inventor-united-states-patent-trademark-office-intellectual-property">"US patent office rules that artificial intelligence cannot be a legal inventor"</a>. <i>www.theverge.com</i>. 29 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite></span>

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</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div>

<ul><li>Yam, K. L., "Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-470-08704-6</bdi></li>

<li>Hanlon, Kelsey, and Forcinio, "Handbook of Package Engineering", CRC Press, 1998</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Packaging261" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Packaging" title="Packaging">Packaging</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General<br>topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Active_packaging" title="Active packaging">Active packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Child-resistant_packaging" title="Child-resistant packaging">Child-resistant packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Contract_packager" title="Contract packager">Contract packager</a></li>

<li><a href="Edible_packaging" title="Edible packaging">Edible packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Modified_atmosphere/modified_humidity_packaging" title="Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging">Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Overpackaging" title="Overpackaging">Overpackaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Package_delivery" title="Package delivery">Package delivery</a></li>

<li><a href="Package_pilferage" title="Package pilferage">Package pilferage</a></li>

<li><a href="Package_testing" title="Package testing">Package testing</a></li>

<li><a href="Package_theft" title="Package theft">Package theft</a></li>

<li><a href="Resealable_packaging" title="Resealable packaging">Resealable packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Reusable_packaging" title="Reusable packaging">Reusable packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Reuse_of_bottles" title="Reuse of bottles">Reuse of bottles</a></li>

<li><a href="Shelf_life" title="Shelf life">Shelf life</a></li>

<li><a href="Shelf-ready_packaging" title="Shelf-ready packaging">Shelf-ready packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Shelf-stable_food" title="Shelf-stable food">Shelf-stable</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_packaging" title="Sustainable packaging">Sustainable packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamper-evident_technology" title="Tamper-evident technology">Tamper-evident</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamper_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamper resistance">Tamper resistance</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Product<br>packages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alternative_wine_closure" title="Alternative wine closure">Alternative wine closure</a></li>

<li><a href="Ammunition_box" title="Ammunition box">Ammunition box</a></li>

<li><a href="Banana_box" title="Banana box">Banana box</a></li>

<li><a href="Beer_bottle" title="Beer bottle">Beer bottle</a></li>

<li><a href="Case-ready_meat" title="Case-ready meat">Case-ready meat</a></li>

<li><a href="Coffee_bag" title="Coffee bag">Coffee bag</a></li>

<li><a href="Cosmetic_packaging" title="Cosmetic packaging">Cosmetic packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Currency_packaging" title="Currency packaging">Currency packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Disposable_food_packaging" title="Disposable food packaging">Disposable food packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Drink_can" title="Drink can">Drink can</a></li>

<li><a href="Egg_carton" title="Egg carton">Egg carton</a></li>

<li><a href="Evidence_packaging" title="Evidence packaging">Evidence packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Field_ration" title="Field ration">Field ration</a></li>

<li><a href="Flour_sack" title="Flour sack">Flour sack</a></li>

<li><a href="Foam_food_container" title="Foam food container">Foam food container</a></li>

<li><a href="Food_packaging" title="Food packaging">Food packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Fuel_container" title="Fuel container">Fuel container</a></li>

<li><a href="Gas_cylinder" title="Gas cylinder">Gas cylinder</a></li>

<li><a href="Glass_milk_bottle" title="Glass milk bottle">Glass milk bottle</a></li>

<li><a href="Growler_(jug)" title="Growler (jug)">Growler</a></li>

<li><a href="Juicebox_(container)" class="mw-redirect" title="Juicebox (container)">Juicebox</a></li>

<li><a href="Low_plastic_water_bottle" title="Low plastic water bottle">Low plastic water bottle</a></li>

<li><a href="Luxury_packaging" title="Luxury packaging">Luxury packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Optical_disc_packaging" title="Optical disc packaging">Optical disc packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Oyster_pail" title="Oyster pail">Oyster pail</a></li>

<li><a href="Microwave_popcorn" title="Microwave popcorn">Popcorn bag</a></li>

<li><a href="Pharmaceutical_packaging" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical packaging">Pharmaceutical packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Pizza_box" title="Pizza box">Pizza box</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_milk_container" title="Plastic milk container">Plastic milk container</a></li>

<li><a href="Purdue_Improved_Crop_Storage_bags" title="Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags">Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags</a></li>

<li><a href="Seasonal_packaging" title="Seasonal packaging">Seasonal packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Self-heating_food_packaging" title="Self-heating food packaging">Self-heating food packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Screw_cap_(wine)" title="Screw cap (wine)">Screw cap (wine)</a></li>

<li><a href="Single-serve_coffee_container" title="Single-serve coffee container">Single-serve coffee container</a></li>

<li><a href="Spray_paint" title="Spray paint">Spray paint</a></li>

<li><a href="Toothpaste_pump_dispenser" title="Toothpaste pump dispenser">Toothpaste pump dispenser</a></li>

<li><a href="Water_bottle" title="Water bottle">Water bottle</a></li>

<li><a href="Wine_bottle" title="Wine bottle">Wine bottle</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Container" title="Container">Containers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aerosol_spray_dispenser" title="Aerosol spray dispenser">Aerosol spray dispenser</a></li>

<li><a href="Aluminium_bottle" title="Aluminium bottle">Aluminium bottle</a></li>

<li><a href="Aluminum_can" title="Aluminum can">Aluminum can</a></li>

<li><a href="Ampoule" title="Ampoule">Ampoule</a></li>

<li><a href="Antistatic_bag" title="Antistatic bag">Antistatic bag</a></li>

<li><a href="Barrel" title="Barrel">Barrel</a></li>

<li><a href="Biodegradable_bag" title="Biodegradable bag">Biodegradable bag</a></li>

<li><a href="Blister_pack" title="Blister pack">Blister pack</a></li>

<li><a href="Bottle" title="Bottle">Bottle</a></li>

<li><a href="Carboy" title="Carboy">Carboy</a></li>

<li><a href="Carton" title="Carton">Carton</a></li>

<li><a href="Clamshell_(container)" title="Clamshell (container)">Clamshell</a></li>

<li><a href="Corrugated_box_design" title="Corrugated box design">Corrugated box design</a></li>

<li><a href="Crate" title="Crate">Crate</a></li>

<li><a href="Disposable_cup" title="Disposable cup">Disposable cup</a></li>

<li><a href="Endcap" title="Endcap">Endcap</a></li>

<li><a href="Envelope" title="Envelope">Envelope</a></li>

<li><a href="Euro_container" title="Euro container">Euro container</a></li>

<li><a href="Flexible_intermediate_bulk_container" title="Flexible intermediate bulk container">Flexible intermediate bulk container</a></li>

<li><a href="Flexible_tank" title="Flexible tank">Flexible tank</a></li>

<li><a href="Folding_carton" title="Folding carton">Folding carton</a></li>

<li><a href="Glass_bottle" title="Glass bottle">Glass bottle</a></li>

<li><a href="Gunny_sack" title="Gunny sack">Gunny sack</a></li>

<li><a href="Inhaler" title="Inhaler">Inhaler</a></li>

<li><a href="Insulated_shipping_container" title="Insulated shipping container">Insulated shipping container</a></li>

<li><a href="Intermediate_bulk_container" title="Intermediate bulk container">Intermediate bulk container</a></li>

<li><a href="Jerrycan" title="Jerrycan">Jerrycan</a></li>

<li><a href="Multilayered_packaging" title="Multilayered packaging">Multilayered packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Multi-pack" title="Multi-pack">Multi-pack</a></li>

<li><a href="Packet_(container)" title="Packet (container)">Packet (container)</a></li>

<li><a href="Padded_envelope" title="Padded envelope">Padded envelope</a></li>

<li><a href="Paper_bag" title="Paper bag">Paper bag</a></li>

<li><a href="Paper_sack" class="mw-redirect" title="Paper sack">Paper sack</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_bag" title="Plastic bag">Plastic bag</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_bottle" title="Plastic bottle">Plastic bottle</a></li>

<li><a href="Retort_pouch" title="Retort pouch">Retort pouch</a></li>

<li><a href="Salvage_drum" title="Salvage drum">Salvage drum</a></li>

<li><a href="Sachet" title="Sachet">Sachet</a>

<ul><li><a href="Water_sachet" title="Water sachet">Water sachet</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Security_bag" title="Security bag">Security bag</a></li>

<li><a href="Shipping_container" title="Shipping container">Shipping container</a></li>

<li><a href="Shipping_tube" title="Shipping tube">Shipping tube</a></li>

<li><a href="Spray_bottle" title="Spray bottle">Spray bottle</a></li>

<li><a href="Squround" title="Squround">Squround</a></li>

<li><a href="Stand-up_pouch" title="Stand-up pouch">Stand-up pouch</a></li>

<li><a href="Steel_and_tin_cans" title="Steel and tin cans">Steel and tin cans</a></li>

<li><a href="Tetra_Brik" title="Tetra Brik">Tetra Brik</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermal_bag" title="Thermal bag">Thermal bag</a></li>

<li><a href="Tub_(container)" title="Tub (container)">Tub (container)</a></li>

<li><a href="Wooden_box" title="Wooden box">Wooden box</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials<br>and<br>components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Adhesive" title="Adhesive">Adhesive</a></li>

<li><a href="Aluminium_foil" title="Aluminium foil">Aluminium foil</a></li>

<li><a href="Bail_handle" title="Bail handle">Bail handle</a></li>

<li><a href="Bioplastic" title="Bioplastic">Bioplastic</a></li>

<li><a href="Biodegradable_plastic" title="Biodegradable plastic">Biodegradable plastic</a></li>

<li><a href="BoPET" title="BoPET">BoPET</a></li>

<li><a href="Bubble_wrap" title="Bubble wrap">Bubble wrap</a></li>

<li><a href="Cellophane" title="Cellophane">Cellophane</a></li>

<li><a href="Closure_(container)" title="Closure (container)">Closure</a></li>

<li><a href="Coated_paper" title="Coated paper">Coated paper</a></li>

<li><a href="Coating" title="Coating">Coating</a></li>

<li><a href="Coextrusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Coextrusion">Coextrusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Container_glass" title="Container glass">Container glass</a></li>

<li><a href="Corrugated_fiberboard" title="Corrugated fiberboard">Corrugated fiberboard</a></li>

<li><a href="Corrugated_plastic" title="Corrugated plastic">Corrugated plastic</a></li>

<li><a href="Cushioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Cushioning">Cushioning</a></li>

<li><a href="Desiccant" title="Desiccant">Desiccant</a></li>

<li><a href="Double_seam" title="Double seam">Double seam</a></li>

<li><a href="Foam_peanut" title="Foam peanut">Foam peanut</a></li>

<li><a href="Hot-melt_adhesive" title="Hot-melt adhesive">Hot-melt adhesive</a></li>

<li><a href="Humidity_indicator_card" title="Humidity indicator card">Humidity indicator card</a></li>

<li><a href="Kraft_paper" title="Kraft paper">Kraft paper</a></li>

<li><a href="Label" title="Label">Label</a></li>

<li><a href="Linear_low-density_polyethylene" title="Linear low-density polyethylene">Linear low-density polyethylene</a></li>

<li><a href="Liquid_packaging_board" title="Liquid packaging board">Liquid packaging board</a></li>

<li><a href="Living_hinge" title="Living hinge">Living hinge</a></li>

<li><a href="Low-density_polyethylene" title="Low-density polyethylene">Low-density polyethylene</a></li>

<li><a href="Meat_absorbent_pad" title="Meat absorbent pad">Meat absorbent pad</a></li>

<li><a href="Metallised_film" title="Metallised film">Metallised film</a></li>

<li><a href="Modified_atmosphere" title="Modified atmosphere">Modified atmosphere</a></li>

<li><a href="Molded_pulp" title="Molded pulp">Molded pulp</a></li>

<li><a href="Nonwoven_fabric" title="Nonwoven fabric">Nonwoven fabric</a></li>

<li><a href="Overwrap" title="Overwrap">Overwrap</a></li>

<li><a href="Oxygen_scavenger" title="Oxygen scavenger">Oxygen scavenger</a></li>

<li><a href="Package_handle" title="Package handle">Package handle</a></li>

<li><a href="Packaging_gas" title="Packaging gas">Packaging gas</a></li>

<li><a href="Pallet" title="Pallet">Pallet</a></li>

<li><a href="Paper" title="Paper">Paper</a></li>

<li><a href="Paper_pallet" title="Paper pallet">Paper pallet</a></li>

<li><a href="Paperboard" title="Paperboard">Paperboard</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic-coated_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic-coated paper">Plastic-coated paper</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_film" title="Plastic film">Plastic film</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_pallet" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic pallet">Plastic pallet</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_wrap" title="Plastic wrap">Plastic wrap</a></li>

<li><a href="Polyester" title="Polyester">Polyester</a></li>

<li><a href="Polyethylene" title="Polyethylene">Polyethylene</a></li>

<li><a href="Polypropylene" title="Polypropylene">Polypropylene</a></li>

<li><a href="Pressure-sensitive_tape" title="Pressure-sensitive tape">Pressure-sensitive tape</a></li>

<li><a href="Pump_dispenser" title="Pump dispenser">Pump dispenser</a></li>

<li><a href="Screw_cap" title="Screw cap">Screw cap</a></li>

<li><a href="Screw_cap_(wine)" title="Screw cap (wine)">Screw cap (wine)</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_printing" title="Security printing">Security printing</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_tape" title="Security tape">Security tape</a></li>

<li><a href="Shock_detector" title="Shock detector">Shock detector</a></li>

<li><a href="Shock_and_vibration_data_logger" title="Shock and vibration data logger">Shock and vibration data logger</a></li>

<li><a href="Shrink_wrap" title="Shrink wrap">Shrink wrap</a></li>

<li><a href="Slip_sheet" title="Slip sheet">Slip sheet</a></li>

<li><a href="Staple_(fastener)" title="Staple (fastener)">Staple (fastener)</a></li>

<li><a href="Strapping" title="Strapping">Strapping</a></li>

<li><a href="Stretch_wrap" title="Stretch wrap">Stretch wrap</a></li>

<li><a href="Susceptor" title="Susceptor">Susceptor</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamper-evident_band" title="Tamper-evident band">Tamper-evident band</a></li>

<li><a href="Temperature_data_logger" title="Temperature data logger">Temperature data logger</a></li>

<li><a href="Time_temperature_indicator" title="Time temperature indicator">Time temperature indicator</a></li>

<li><a href="Tinning" title="Tinning">Tinplate</a></li>

<li><a href="Velostat" title="Velostat">Velostat</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aseptic_processing" title="Aseptic processing">Aseptic processing</a></li>

<li><a href="Authentication" title="Authentication">Authentication</a></li>

<li><a href="Automatic_identification_and_data_capture" title="Automatic identification and data capture">Automatic identification and data capture</a></li>

<li><a href="Blow_molding" title="Blow molding">Blow molding</a></li>

<li><a href="Calender" title="Calender">Calendering</a></li>

<li><a href="Canning" title="Canning">Canning</a></li>

<li><a href="Coating" title="Coating">Coating</a></li>

<li><a href="Containerization" title="Containerization">Containerization</a></li>

<li><a href="Converter_(industry)" title="Converter (industry)">Converting</a></li>

<li><a href="Corona_treatment" title="Corona treatment">Corona treatment</a></li>

<li><a href="Curtain_coating" title="Curtain coating">Curtain coating</a></li>

<li><a href="Die_cutting_(web)" title="Die cutting (web)">Die cutting</a></li>

<li><a href="Die_forming_(plastics)" title="Die forming (plastics)">Die forming (plastics)</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronic_article_surveillance" title="Electronic article surveillance">Electronic article surveillance</a></li>

<li><a href="Extrusion" title="Extrusion">Extrusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Extrusion_coating" title="Extrusion coating">Extrusion coating</a></li>

<li><a href="Flame_treatment" title="Flame treatment">Flame treatment</a></li>

<li><a href="Glass_production" title="Glass production">Glass production</a></li>

<li><a href="Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">Graphic design</a></li>

<li><a href="Hazard_analysis_and_critical_control_points" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazard analysis and critical control points">Hazard analysis and critical control points</a></li>

<li><a href="Hermetic_seal" title="Hermetic seal">Hermetic seal</a></li>

<li><a href="Induction_sealing" title="Induction sealing">Induction sealing</a></li>

<li><a href="Injection_moulding" title="Injection moulding">Injection moulding</a></li>

<li><a href="Lamination" title="Lamination">Lamination</a></li>

<li><a href="Laser_cutting" title="Laser cutting">Laser cutting</a></li>

<li><a href="Molding_(process)" title="Molding (process)">Molding</a></li>

<li><a href="Package_tracking" title="Package tracking">Package tracking</a></li>

<li><a href="Papermaking" title="Papermaking">Papermaking</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_extrusion" title="Plastic extrusion">Plastic extrusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_welding" title="Plastic welding">Plastic welding</a></li>

<li><a href="Printing" title="Printing">Printing</a></li>

<li><a href="Product_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Product development">Product development</a></li>

<li><a href="Production_control" title="Production control">Production control</a></li>

<li><a href="Quality_assurance" title="Quality assurance">Quality assurance</a></li>

<li><a href="Radio-frequency_identification" title="Radio-frequency identification">Radio-frequency identification</a></li>

<li><a href="Roll_slitting" title="Roll slitting">Roll slitting</a></li>

<li><a href="Shearing_(manufacturing)" title="Shearing (manufacturing)">Shearing (manufacturing)</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermoforming" title="Thermoforming">Thermoforming</a></li>

<li><a href="Track_and_trace" title="Track and trace">Track and trace</a></li>

<li><a href="Ultrasonic_welding" title="Ultrasonic welding">Ultrasonic welding</a></li>

<li><a href="Vacuum_forming" title="Vacuum forming">Vacuum forming</a></li>

<li><a href="Vacuum_packing" title="Vacuum packing">Vacuum packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Verification_and_validation" title="Verification and validation">Verification and validation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Machinery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Barcode_printer" title="Barcode printer">Barcode printer</a></li>

<li><a href="Barcode_reader" title="Barcode reader">Barcode reader</a></li>

<li><a href="Bottling_line" title="Bottling line">Bottling line</a></li>

<li><a href="Calender" title="Calender">Calender</a></li>

<li><a href="Can_seamer" title="Can seamer">Can seamer</a></li>

<li><a href="Cap_torque_tester" title="Cap torque tester">Cap torque tester</a></li>

<li><a href="Cartoning_machine" title="Cartoning machine">Cartoning machine</a></li>

<li><a href="Case_sealer" title="Case sealer">Case sealer</a></li>

<li><a href="Check_weigher" title="Check weigher">Check weigher</a></li>

<li><a href="Conveyor_system" title="Conveyor system">Conveyor system</a></li>

<li><a href="Extended_core_stretch_wrapper" title="Extended core stretch wrapper">Extended core stretch wrapper</a></li>

<li><a href="Filler_(packaging)" title="Filler (packaging)">Filler</a></li>

<li><a href="Heat_sealer" title="Heat sealer">Heat sealer</a></li>

<li><a href="Industrial_robot" title="Industrial robot">Industrial robot</a></li>

<li><a href="Injection_molding_machine" title="Injection molding machine">Injection molding machine</a></li>

<li><a href="Label_printer_applicator" title="Label printer applicator">Label printer applicator</a></li>

<li><a href="Lineshaft_roller_conveyor" title="Lineshaft roller conveyor">Lineshaft roller conveyor</a></li>

<li><a href="Logistics_automation" title="Logistics automation">Logistics automation</a></li>

<li><a href="Material-handling_equipment" title="Material-handling equipment">Material-handling equipment</a></li>

<li><a href="Mechanical_brake_stretch_wrapper" title="Mechanical brake stretch wrapper">Mechanical brake stretch wrapper</a></li>

<li><a href="Multihead_weigher" title="Multihead weigher">Multihead weigher</a></li>

<li><a href="Orbital_stretch_wrapper" title="Orbital stretch wrapper">Orbital stretch wrapper</a></li>

<li><a href="Packaging_machinery" title="Packaging machinery">Packaging machinery</a></li>

<li><a href="Pallet_inverter" title="Pallet inverter">Pallet inverter</a></li>

<li><a href="Palletizer" title="Palletizer">Palletizer</a></li>

<li><a href="Rotary_wheel_blow_molding_systems" title="Rotary wheel blow molding systems">Rotary wheel blow molding systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Seed-counting_machine" title="Seed-counting machine">Seed-counting machine</a></li>

<li><a href="Shrink_tunnel" title="Shrink tunnel">Shrink tunnel</a></li>

<li><a href="Staple_gun" title="Staple gun">Staple gun</a></li>

<li><a href="Tape_dispenser" title="Tape dispenser">Tape dispenser</a></li>

<li><a href="Turntable_stretch_wrapper" title="Turntable stretch wrapper">Turntable stretch wrapper</a></li>

<li><a href="Vertical_form_fill_sealing_machine" title="Vertical form fill sealing machine">Vertical form fill sealing machine</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment,<br>post-use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Biodegradation" title="Biodegradation">Biodegradation</a></li>

<li><a href="Can_collecting" title="Can collecting">Can collecting</a></li>

<li><a href="Closed-loop_box_reuse" title="Closed-loop box reuse">Closed-loop box reuse</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_engineering" title="Environmental engineering">Environmental engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Extended_producer_responsibility" title="Extended producer responsibility">Extended producer responsibility</a></li>

<li><a href="Glass_recycling" title="Glass recycling">Glass recycling</a></li>

<li><a href="Industrial_ecology" title="Industrial ecology">Industrial ecology</a></li>

<li><a href="Life-cycle_assessment" title="Life-cycle assessment">Life-cycle assessment</a></li>

<li><a href="Litter" title="Litter">Litter</a></li>

<li><a href="Packaging_waste" title="Packaging waste">Packaging waste</a></li>

<li><a href="Paper_recycling" title="Paper recycling">Paper recycling</a></li>

<li><a href="PET_bottle_recycling" title="PET bottle recycling">PET bottle recycling</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_recycling" title="Plastic recycling">Plastic recycling</a></li>

<li><a href="Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a></li>

<li><a href="Reusable_packaging" title="Reusable packaging">Reusable packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Reverse_logistics" title="Reverse logistics">Reverse logistics</a></li>

<li><a href="Source_reduction" title="Source reduction">Source reduction</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_packaging" title="Sustainable packaging">Sustainable packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Waste_management" title="Waste management">Waste management</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category: Packaging</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-28" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Packaging_engineering&oldid=1297847223">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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